Il primo formaggio del nord Europa. Una ricerca publicata su Nature il 12 Dicembre 2012.

Una prova inequivocabile di produzione di formaggio nel nord Europa risalente a 7.000 anni è stata scoperta da una collaborazione internazionale guidata dall'Univesità di Bristol. Le tracce dei grassi analizzati in questa ricerca sono state rinvenute in Polonia dentro 34 vasi diterracotta che furono evidentemente utilizzati per separare il caglio dal latte.
Determinanti per questa ricerca sono stati i fori praticati nella ceramica, al cui inerno si sono conservati i grassi del latte.
Lo studio, pubblicato il 12 Dicembre su Nature, prova che il consumo di prodotti lattiero-caseari è iniziato in epoca preistorica.
Prima di questa ricerca erano stati documentati residui di lavorazione del latte di 8.000 anni fa in Anatolia e di 7.000 anni fa in Libia ma senza alcuna certezza che si trattasse di vero e proprio formaggio.

Andrea Mameli www.linguaggiomacchina.it 12/12/2012

Earliest evidence for cheese making in the sixth millennium bc in northern Europe Mélanie Salque, Peter I. Bogucki, Joanna Pyzel, Iwona Sobkowiak-Tabaka, Ryszard Grygiel, Marzena Szmyt, Richard P. Evershed.  
Nature (Published online: 12 December 2012)
Abstract
The introduction of dairying was a critical step in early agriculture, with milk products being rapidly adopted as a major component of the diets of prehistoric farmers and pottery-using late hunter-gatherers. The processing of milk, particularly the production of cheese, would have been a critical development because it not only allowed the preservation of milk products in a non-perishable and transportable form, but also it made milk a more digestible commodity for early prehistoric farmers. The finding of abundant milk residues in pottery vessels from seventh millennium sites from north-western Anatolia provided the earliest evidence of milk processing, although the exact practice could not be explicitly defined1. Notably, the discovery of potsherds pierced with small holes appear at early Neolithic sites in temperate Europe in the sixth millennium bc and have been interpreted typologically as ‘cheese-strainers’, although a direct association with milk processing has not yet been demonstrated. Organic residues preserved in pottery vessels have provided direct evidence for early milk use in the Neolithic period in the Near East and south-eastern Europe, north Africa, Denmark and the British Isles, based on the δ¹³C and Δ¹³C values of the major fatty in milk. Here we apply the same approach to investigate the function of sieves/strainer vessels, providing direct chemical evidence for their use in milk processing. The presence of abundant milk fat in these specialized vessels, comparable in form to modern cheese strainers11, provides compelling evidence for the vessels having being used to separate fat-rich milk curds from the lactose-containing whey. This new evidence emphasizes the importance of pottery vessels in processing dairy products, particularly in the manufacture of reduced-lactose milk products among lactose-intolerant prehistoric farming communities.